Distractor pattern P4. The passage says "the Commission proposed the directive." The distractor says "the directive was created to establish the Commission." Subject and object are swapped. This is often the easiest pattern to spot — but under time pressure, candidates rush and miss the swap.

• For each statement, identify: who is the subject? Who/what is the object?
• Compare with the passage: are subject and object in the same position?
• Passive voice is often used to disguise reversals
• If a statement "feels right" but something is off, check the direction

Passage: "The European Parliament approved the Commission's proposal." Trap: "The Commission approved the Parliament's proposal." Same words, reversed roles.